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Concrete leveling · The process

How Foam Concrete Lifting Works

LEVELGarage floor5/8″ injection port
1Soil washes out, the slab sinks
2Foam is injected into the void
3The slab rises back to level
Expanding foam fills the void and supports the slab. Illustration, not to scale.
The short answer

Foam lifting works in four steps: small holes are drilled through the sunken slab, two-part polyurethane is injected underneath, the foam expands to fill the voids and push the slab up to a set line, and the holes are patched and joints sealed. Most residential jobs take a few hours and the concrete is usable the same day.

By Rob Diederich, owner · Updated

Before we arrive

  • Move cars off the driveway and anything heavy off the slabs we're lifting.
  • Mark any sprinkler heads, invisible dog fence or low-voltage lines near the concrete.
  • Keep pets inside while we're working.
  • You don't need to be home. Our rig has its own power and material.

On the day, step by step

  1. LINE1¼″ low
    1Measure and set the lineWe set a string line or laser off the concrete that didn't move and measure how far each low spot has to come up.
  2. LINE5/8″ holes
    2Drill 5/8″ holesPenny-sized holes go through the slab a few feet apart, kept off the edges and corners where concrete is weakest.
  3. LINEon the linefills the void firstthen lifts, shot by shot
    3Inject and lift to the lineTwo liquids mix at the gun and go under the slab. The foam expands in seconds and fills the empty space first. Once the void is full, each short shot raises the slab a little. We move between holes so it rises evenly and stop at the line.
  4. joint sealedholes patched
    4Patch and sealHoles are filled with cement grout and joints get a flexible sealant, so water can't wash the soil out again.

Illustrations, not to scale. Most residential jobs take a few hours, and you can walk on the slab when we pack up.

Before we leave, we check every section against the line, clean up, and text you before-and-after photos.

What's happening under the slab

A sunken slab almost always has empty space under it, where water carried soil away or loose fill settled. The foam has to fill that space before it can lift anything. That's why we inject in short shots: the first few fill the void, and the ones after that do the lifting. Stopping between shots lets the foam firm up so the slab rises in small, controlled steps instead of jumping.

Level, joints sealedILLUSTRATION
lipLip + standing waterILLUSTRATION
Under the slab: foam fills the hollow, the apron comes back flush with the garage floor, the puddle drains off and the joint is sealed. Drag the slider.
Foam: about 5/8"Roughly penny-sizedMudjacking: about 1-1/2" to 2"Dashed ring = 1-1/2", solid = 2"DRAWN TO SCALE
Foam needs a much smaller hole than mudjacking slurry.

Before and after

Level, joints sealedILLUSTRATION
Lip + standing waterILLUSTRATION
The low section by the garage comes back up, the puddle drains off, and the joints are sealed. Drag the slider.

Why polyurethane foam

  • Light. It weighs a few pounds per cubic foot, so it doesn't add load to the soil that already let the slab down. Mudjacking slurry weighs many times more.
  • Waterproof. It doesn't absorb water or wash out like soil or slurry can.
  • Fast. It reaches most of its strength in minutes.
  • Small holes. About 5/8 inch, so the finished slab looks like the original concrete.

Afterward

Walk on it right away. Drive on it later the same day once the patches set. Keep downspouts pointed away from the slabs, and keep the joints sealed. Those two things do more than anything else to keep concrete where it is.

Questions

Common questions

How long does concrete lifting take?

Most residential jobs take a few hours from setup to cleanup. A single walkway section can take under an hour, while a full driveway with sealing can take most of a day.

Is concrete lifting messy?

Not very. The holes are small, the dust is vacuumed up, and the material goes under the slab. We clean the surface and haul away our debris before we leave.

Will lifting crack my concrete?

Lifting slowly from several holes keeps stress low, but a slab that is already weak can crack further as it moves. We point out risky slabs from the photos before we start.

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