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Polyurethane foam lifting

Concrete Leveling & Lifting in Green Bay

LEVELGarage floor5/8″ injection port
1Soil washes out, the slab sinks
2Foam is injected into the void
3The slab rises back to level
Expanding foam fills the void and supports the slab. Illustration, not to scale.
The short answer

Concrete leveling raises sunken slabs back to level by injecting expanding polyurethane foam through small holes. The foam fills the voids that let the slab sink, lifts it, and cures in minutes, so most driveways, walks, patios and steps are usable the same day for a fraction of what replacement costs.

By Rob Diederich, owner · Updated
Hole size
5/8 inch, penny-sized
Time on site
Most jobs: a few hours
Use it again
Same day
Warranty
Written warranty

Leveling, lifting, raising, polyjacking: one service

People search for this a dozen ways: concrete leveling, concrete lifting, concrete raising, slab jacking, polyjacking, foam jacking. They all mean the same thing: raising an existing slab back into position instead of tearing it out. The older version of the same idea is mudjacking, which pumps a heavy cement slurry under the slab. We use polyurethane foam.

Before and after

Pick a surface and drag the slider. These are illustrations of the jobs we do most; photos from local jobs go up as we finish them.

Level, joints sealedILLUSTRATION
Lip + standing waterILLUSTRATION
The low section by the garage comes back up, the puddle drains off, and the joints are sealed. Drag the slider.

Why concrete sinks

The concrete is rarely the problem. The soil underneath is. In Northeast Wisconsin three things do most of the damage:

open jointWater washoutRunoff carries soil awayice lenses push upFrost heave & thawIce lifts it, thaw drops itover-digBackfill settlesLoose fill by the foundation
Most sunken slabs are still solid concrete sitting on soil that moved.
open jointsoil carried out
Water washout

Roof and downspout water runs into open joints and carries fine soil out from under the slab. The slab drops into the hollow.

Fix: We seal the joints, and point out downspouts that need extending.

freeze, thaw, repeat
Freeze-thaw

Clay-heavy Green Bay soil holds water. Every winter it freezes, swells and thaws softer, loosening the base a little more each year.

Fix: Sealed joints keep water out of the base, which is what freezes.

loose filldug, then refilled
Settling backfill

The soil pushed back against a new foundation is rarely compacted well. Anything sitting on it settles for years after the house is built.

Fix: Foam fills the voids and stiffens the zone under the slab without adding weight.

thin, uneven base
Thin or loose base

Some slabs were poured on a thin or poorly compacted base. Gaps under the slab let it settle at joints and corners.

Fix: Foam fills the gaps and supports the slab across its whole footprint.

Read the full explanation in why concrete sinks in Northeast Wisconsin.

How we lift it, step by step

Foam goes in as a liquid through a hole the size of a penny. Under the slab it expands, fills the empty space first, and only then starts pushing the slab up. Here's what happens at each step:

  1. LINE1¼″ low
    1Measure and set the lineWe set a string line or laser off the concrete that didn't move and measure how far each low spot has to come up.
  2. LINE5/8″ holes
    2Drill 5/8″ holesPenny-sized holes go through the slab a few feet apart, kept off the edges and corners where concrete is weakest.
  3. LINEon the linefills the void firstthen lifts, shot by shot
    3Inject and lift to the lineTwo liquids mix at the gun and go under the slab. The foam expands in seconds and fills the empty space first. Once the void is full, each short shot raises the slab a little. We move between holes so it rises evenly and stop at the line.
  4. joint sealedholes patched
    4Patch and sealHoles are filled with cement grout and joints get a flexible sealant, so water can't wash the soil out again.

Illustrations, not to scale. Most residential jobs take a few hours, and you can walk on the slab when we pack up.

What to expect on the day, and how to get ready, is in how foam concrete lifting works.

What we lift

Driveways →

Sunken sections, pooling water and cracked slabs that are still in one piece.

Garage aprons →

The step down from the garage floor to the driveway.

Sidewalks & walkways →

Trip hazards and walks that hold water.

Patios →

Patios that slope water back toward the house.

Steps & stoops →

Stoops that tipped or pulled away from the wall.

Garage & shop floors →

Interior slabs that dropped at a joint or a corner.

Can my concrete be lifted?

If the slab is mostly in one piece and it sank rather than heaved up, it's almost always a candidate. Five quick questions:

Can it be lifted? · 5 questions
What needs fixing?

Why lift instead of replace?

Tearing out a sunken slab throws away concrete that is usually still solid, puts heavy new concrete back on the same soil that let the old one down, and takes your driveway or walk out of service for about a week. Lifting keeps the concrete you have and fixes what's under it.

Fraction
of what tearing out and pouring new concrete costs
Same day
Walk on it when we pack up. Drive on it in hours, not a week.
No demo
No jackhammers, no dumpster, no torn-up lawn or landscaping.
5/8″ holes
Penny-sized and patched flush. No new slab that won't match.
Stays up
Foam adds almost no weight and doesn't wash out like soil.
Warranty
Written, and spelled out in your quote before you approve it.
Lift with foamTear out and replace
TimeOne visit, usually a few hoursSeveral days of work, then about a week before you can drive on it
Mess5/8″ holes, patchedJackhammers, dump trucks, forms, torn-up lawn edges
Weight addedFoam weighs 2–4 lb per cubic footNew concrete weighs about 145 lb per cubic foot, on the same soil
WasteNothing hauled awayA 10×10 slab, 4″ thick, is about 2½ tons of broken concrete
LooksYour concrete, back where it wasNew concrete rarely matches the old slabs next to it
The causeFoam fills the voids; we seal the jointsA new slab on the same washed-out base can settle the same way

Replacement timing is typical; a contractor's schedule and the weather can stretch it. New-concrete cure times from Concrete Network; foam and concrete weights from ArmorThane.

Foam vs. mudjacking vs. replacing

Foam liftingMudjackingReplace
Hole sizeAbout 5/8 inchAbout 1-1/2 to 2 inchesNo holes, all new
Added weightLight: a few lbs per cubic footHeavy cement slurryNew slab, new base
Ready to useSame dayUsually a day or moreDays to weeks of curing
Washes out?No, it's waterproofCan erode over timen/a
Typical costA fraction of replacementOften the lowest upfrontHighest
More detail in [foam vs. mudjacking](/concrete-leveling/foam-vs-mudjacking) and [lift or replace?](/concrete-leveling/lift-or-replace)

What it costs

Leveling is priced by how many sections need lifting and how far each one has to come up, with a job minimum that covers setup and travel. Big jobs cost less per section than small ones. The concrete leveling cost guide explains every factor.

Your price, without a sales visit

Send three photos and a tape-measure shot. You'll get a firm price by text within 24 hours.

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What it looks like when we're done

Level slabs, a few small gray patches where the holes were, and sealed joints. The patches are close to concrete color but they won't match perfectly on older, weathered slabs. Most people stop noticing them within a season.

Every lift comes with a written warranty, spelled out on your quote before you approve it. See the warranty page for how it works.

Questions

Common questions

Is concrete leveling the same as concrete lifting or polyjacking?

Yes. Concrete leveling, lifting, raising, slab jacking, polyjacking and foam jacking all describe raising an existing slab back into place. Polyjacking specifically means doing it with polyurethane foam, which is what we use. Mudjacking is the older method using a cement slurry.

How does polyurethane foam lift concrete?

Two liquid components are mixed at the gun and injected under the slab. The mix expands into a rigid foam that first fills the empty voids and then pushes up on the slab. We inject in short shots and watch a level or string line so the slab rises to the right height and stops.

How long does foam concrete leveling last?

The foam itself does not rot, wash out or break down in wet soil, so a lift typically lasts as long as the concrete does. What can cause new movement is the soil below the foam continuing to settle or water undermining the edges, which is why we seal joints and point out drainage problems.

Can concrete sink again after it's lifted?

It can, but it's uncommon when the cause is handled. Foam weighs only a few pounds per cubic foot, so it doesn't add load to weak soil the way a heavy slurry does. Sealing joints and moving downspouts away from slabs removes the most common cause of repeat settling.

How soon can I walk or drive on lifted concrete?

The foam reaches most of its strength within minutes. You can usually walk on the slab as soon as we pack up, and drive on it the same day once the hole patches have set.

How big are the holes and what do they look like after?

The holes are about 5/8 inch across, roughly the size of a penny. They're filled with cement grout and finished flush. On new concrete they blend in well; on weathered concrete the patches can be a shade lighter at first.

Can you lift cracked concrete?

Usually, yes. A slab cracked into a few large pieces can be lifted piece by piece and the cracks sealed afterward. A slab broken into many small pieces can't be raised as one surface and is better replaced.

How high can you lift a slab?

Most lifts are between one and four inches. Larger lifts are often possible when the slab is intact and there's room for it to move, and we judge those from your photos.

Is the foam safe for kids, pets and my lawn?

Once cured, the foam is an inert, rigid plastic that sits under the slab. During the injection we ask that kids and pets stay inside or away from the work area, and we clean up any overspray before we leave.

Do I need to be home during the work?

No. Our rig carries its own power and material, so we don't need to get into the house. We just need the concrete clear of cars and furniture and a way to reach it. We'll text when we start and when we're done.

Can you level concrete in the winter in Wisconsin?

We lift from the spring thaw until the ground freezes. Once the soil under the slab is frozen solid, lifting isn't reliable because the frozen ground moves again when it thaws. Photos sent in winter get a price and a spot on the spring schedule.

Keep reading

Related

Concrete leveling · The process
How Foam Lifting Works

What actually happens when sunken concrete is lifted with foam: the holes, the injection, how the slab rises, how long it takes and what it looks like after.

Pricing · Concrete leveling
Concrete Leveling Cost

What foam concrete leveling costs in Green Bay and why: sections, inches of lift, access, job minimums, sealing, and how it compares to replacement.

Concrete leveling · Decision guide
Lift or Replace?

When sunken concrete can be lifted, when it should be replaced, and how the costs compare. A plain decision guide with a quick checker.

Find out what your lift will cost

Three phone photos and a tape-measure shot. Firm price by text within 24 hours.

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